Jaw crusher



E. H. ANDERSON Feb. 23, 1954 JAW CRUSHER `4 Sheets-Sham. l

Filed Aug. 4, 1950 .Zfvenzor Zzharf ndensan y Mq am Feb. 23, 1954 E. H. ANDERSON JAW CRUSHER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. .4, 1950 llllllllllllllllllllll j?, Mig/asa?? Feb 23, 1954 E. H. ANDERSON 2,670,141

JAW CRUSHER Filed Aug. 4, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 200 y PQM@ Feb. 23, 1954 E. H; ANDERSON 2,670,141

JAW CRUSHER Filed Aug. 4, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 @5 ,56 g 5' fg; 25 f5 i I y Rui Patented Feb. 23, 1954 UNITED STATES vPATENT OFFICE 9 Claims. l

This invention relates to an improvement in jaw crushers.

It has for one purpose to provide a compact strong and relatively light jaw crusher structure.

Another purpose is to provide `a jaw structure in which the lateral component of movement of a moving jaw increases progressively from top to'bottom of the crushing cavity.

Another `purpose is to provide a jaw crusher in which a single moving jaw structure operates in compression with two normally xed jaws.

Another purpose is to provide improved means for controlling or permitting the movement of the the upper end of an oscillated jaw.

Another purpose is to provide an improved crusher frame for jaw crushers.

Another purpose is to provide improved feeding means for jaw crushers.

Another purpose is to provide improved release means for the normally lixed jaws of jaw crushers.

Another purpose is to provide improved mounting means for the normally -xed jaws of jaw Crushers.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of the specicationand claims.

The invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the. accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is an end view with and parts in section;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of` Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a. partial plan View of a variant form;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4--4 of Fig. 3 with the end cover plate removed;

Fig. 5 is a plan view with parts broken awa illustrating a further variant form;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6- of Fig. 5 and including a diagrammatic showing of the movement of the moving jaw;

Fig. 7 is a partial side. elevation form; and4 Fig. 8 is a section on the lin'e 8 84 of Fig. '1.

Like parts are indicated by' like symbols throughout the specificationand drawings.

Referring to th'e drawings, and rst to the form of Figs. 1 and 2, any suitable basel may be employed upon which are. supported' side plates 2, 2, each such plate being shown as having anv outwardlyv extending! bottoml ilange 3 which may be bolted or otherwise-secured'to the base or foundation. I.. 4, 4, indicate top franges extending outwardly from the upper edges of the side .plates.2 and illustrated as'welded to the side plates.- ExtendingA across the space' between the side plates isa structural member having a top Wal1 5, transversely extending; side walls 6, and opposed` bottom Wallsl l.- exten-trigtowardz each other from theloweredgesfof the sidewall 6, but separated-, by,v a substantial opening or gap 8.

parts broken awayV of a variant jaw element a supporting through an' aperture above described supports The said structural member maybe welded or otherwise secured to the side plates 2. The above mentioned structural member may be open at the ends, the ends being closed by any suitable closure plates 9 which may be removed when access is necessary. The plates, however, may normally be held by suitable bolts I D. The side plates are also connected by a plurality of transversely extending members to which various parts of the closure may be secured. I2, I2a indicate the uppermost of a rather massive bar which Vmay be welded or otherwise secured at its ends to the side plates 2. The upper inner end of each of the members I2, I2a has a bearing or supporting surface I 2b which is generally semi-cylindrical. They are also apertured as at I2c for a purpose which will later appear, there being, for example, two of these apertures in each ofthe bars I 2, |2a. Positioned at a lower level between the side plates 2 are transversely extending members Ma, I 4a each of which has an upper member I4b and a lower member Mc, the mem'- bers closed at the rear as by a plate or portion Idd. Between the upper and lower members |41) and I4c extends a. sliding bar or member I5. which is normally forwardly thrust by a plurality of mass of springs I6 compressed between the members I 4d and I5 and controlled by the adjustable tension or limit member I 'I with its adjusting nut I'Ia. It will be understood that a substantial member of springs I6 may be employed, it being essential that they are of sufficient strength normally to hold the bar I5 in the advanced position in which it is shown at the right of Fig. 2.

I illustrate two normally xed jaw elements Y I8, I8a. At the right side of Fig. 2, fixed I8 is shown as abutting against jaw structure I9. This jaw structure or plate has' a top rearwardly extending portion 2U havingy a semiecylindri'cal bearing surface conforming generally to the con- 'Vex surface I2b of the transverse bar I2. The jaw :support I9 is normally urged against the semicylindrical edge of thefmember I2, for example, `by any suitable tension member 2I extending I2c and yieldingly held by the'spring 22. The lower edge of the jaw struc- -ture I9 is normally held in the position in which Vit is shown in Fig. 2 by the 'compression bar 25 vwhich has a generally cylindrical enlargement 25a. at each edge. One of these enlargements engages a bearing block or portion 2li on the jaw structure I9 while the other engages a bearing bar or member 21 which bears against the forward surface of the bar I5 or is shimmed adjustably in relation to it by the shiins 28. It will be understood that under normal conditions, the willhold the. jaw plate I8 in the position in which it is shown at the right of Fig. 2. y

The opposite jaw plate |8a is shown as somewhat diierentiated from the composite jaw structure I8, i9 at the right-hand side of the Fig. 2. It is a matter of choice whether the composite jaw is used or the simple jaw structure shown at the left. In order to keep the lower edge of the jaw normally compressed against the compression element 25, I illustrate in connection with the jaw structure I8, I9, a plurality of links of eyebolts 30 which pass through brackets 3| shown as mounted on the cross members i4a.. The brackets are urged by the suitable springs 32 and adjustable washers 33 to hold the jaw structures firmly against the compression members 25. It will be understood that the compression members are in the form of bars which extend substantially across the jaw crushing structure. In connection with each jaw, I provide at least one dash-pot structure in the form of a cylinder 35 pivoted as at 36 to suitable ears or brackets 31 on the cross members 14a. Within the dash-pot cylinder is a piston 38 connected tc the piston rod 38 pivoted as at 4t to the jaw structure. The piston 38 is shown as provided with a constantly open bleeder passage 4| of relatively small diameter and with a controlled and considerably larger passage 42 with its appropriate valve 43. It will be understood that the details of the dash-pot structure do not of themselves form part of the present invention, but that it is adapted to permit a rapid recession of the jaw structure, against the springs l5, in response to either the passage of uncrushable material through the crushing cavity, or the presence of an uncrushable mass in the crushing cavity. However, once the jaw has receded to the release position, compressing the springs i5, then the small diameter of the bleeder passage 4| permits only a slow return of the jaw toward its normal crushing position.

I illustrate between the two normally xed but releasable jaws a unitary double-faced movable jaw structure. The jaw structure is shown as including a housing or sleeve 55, a top transverse portion and connecting side plates 52 which extend substantially entirely across the crusher. Any suitable intermediate or end flanges 53 may also be employed. The side plates are shown as having upwardly and outwardly inclined ledges or over-hanging receiving flanges 54, the purpose of which will later appear. portion of the jaw 5| has opposite generally semicylindrical recesses 55 which receives centering toggles 55 in the form of toggle bars which extend substantially across the crusher and have at their opposite edges generally cylindrical enlargements 55a and 56h which enter corresponding mating cavities in the abutment blocks or bars 51, 51a. The toggle bars may be urged toward each other by the provision of one or more springs 58. It will be understood that a snug nt is thus provided but the upper portion of the jaw is permitted a degree of tilt sufficient to allow it to take a normal crushing oscillation or movement. The actual crushing movement is imparted by any suitable eccentric 55 on a drive shaft 6|, the drive shaft being driven, for example, by a pulley 62 from any suitable source of power, not herein shown. 53 indicates any suitable bearing structure between the hub 55 of the jaw and the drive shaft 6|; the details of such bearing structure do not, of themselves, form a part of the present invention and are, therefore, not indicated.

Mounted on the opposite face of the jaw and against the plate 52 are the removable, replaceable jaw plates 55. Each such plate has its edges formed to enter and conform to the space above The transverse top u the ledges 54. They may then be locked together by any suitable top clamping bars 66 drawn together by any suitable compression member 51. The crushing cavity defined between the opposed jaw members is completed by suitable removable wear plates l0, 1|, the details of which do not form part of the present invention. They may be mounted by suitable bolts or securing member 72. Additional transversely extending hopper members |3 bridge the space between the side plates 2 and terminate at the lower edges at, or just above, the upper edges of the normal fixed jaw structure. I find it advantageous to provide a top feeding and feed confining box, generally indicated as 85, and having a top feed aperture 8| which overlies any suitable wear plate or removable wear member 82 positioned upon the transversely engaging structure member 5, 5, 1. The aperture 8| is shown in the form of a feeding slot extending substantially from side to side of the crusher and overlying the member 82.

In the form of Figs. 3 and 4, I illustrate a variant support for the upper end of the jaw structure. The jaw structure is generally indicated as |05. I0! indicates a transversely extending shaft which passes through a bore |02 in the upper end of the jaw structure |00. The shaft itl has outer ends |03, extending into supporting boxes having upper ends |04 and lower members |05. These may be in the form of flanges secured to and outwardly extending from the crusher side plates 2a. The sides of the box are completed by end members |85 secured, for example, by bolts |06. Within the box thus formed are compression receiving members |01, |01, which are channelled as at |58 to receive the semi-cylindrical outer edges of the compression bars or toggles |09, the other ends of which extend into and conform to generally hemispherical channels I i0 in the outer end portions |03 of the shaft IUI. Membersv |01 are urged toward/each other by any suitable spring elements Any suitable shim ||2 may be employed for the purposes of adjustment. It may be understood that the structure above described operates substantially like the corresponding structure of Figs. l and 2, but that the supporting structure for the upper end of the jaw is thus, situated exteriorly of the side plates 2a and is readily accessible to the operator for the purpose of cleaning, repair or replacement. A removable closure plate ||5 may be employed, as shown in Fig. 3. In the form of Fig. 4, I also illustrate a modification for the support of the upper edges of the normally fixed jaws. Each such jaw |25 has a generally semi-cylindrical socket portion i2! opposed to a generally cylindrical rod or enlargement |22 mounted on any suitable base or support |23. The upper edge of the jaw is yieldingly held in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 4 by any suitable compression member |24 and its associated spring |25.

Referring to the form of Figs. 5 and 6, I illustrate a link support for the upper end of the jaw as follows: The jaw structure which I indicate generally as |50 is apertured as at i5! to receive a shaft |52. This shaft has outwardly extending ends |53 which extend through appropriate elongated apertures |54I in the side plates 2b. Links |55 have eyes |56 which surround the outer ends |53 of the shaft |52. These links at their opposite ends have eyes |51 which surround stubs |58 which are suitably secured to side plates 2b. Thus, with reference to the structure shown in Fig. 6, the links |55 oseillate slightly about a xed center X; They are connected by the jaw structure as at the center Y.

The jaw structure is rotated by rotation of the eccentric 6| on any suitably driven shaft |60. With the employment of the'xed center X and the moving center Y, the result of the rotation of the eccentric ISI is to impart a movement to the opposite faces of the jaw |50 Ywhich is diagrammatically indicated by the ovals spaced along the moving jaw faces of Fig. 6. Itwill be observed from Fig. 6 that these ovals Hatten progressively from bottom to `top of the crushing cavity. Also, the axis or long extension of the ovals departs increasingly fromthe horizontal toward the vertical, from the bottom of the crushing cavity to the top. The characteristic movement of the lower edge portion of the oscillated jaw structure has a lateral component of movement or an amplitude of lateral movement greatly in excess of the lateral amplitude of movement at the top of the cavity., In other words, the lower part of the moving jaw moves toward and away from the opposite and normally fixed jaw with a substantial travel, whereas the completed movement of the moving jaw toward and away from the xed jaw progressively diminishes upwardly in the crushing cavity. At the top of the crushing cavity thereis a very small amplitude of crushing movement.

In the form of Figs. and 6, I illustrate also a somewhat different type of xed jaw structure. I illustrate, for example, a normally fixed jaw |10 which has an upper hub |1| about a transversely extending supporting shaft |12.

Transversely extending frame elements |13, |14

define a space in which a compression receiving bar |15 may be adjusted by shims or wedges |15. Springs may also .be employed, if desired, |11 is a compression' bar having semi-cylindrical edges which are shown as penetrating correspondingly formed apertures in the bar |15 and in lower portion |18 of'the jaw |10.

Fig. 7 illustrates a form in which the jaw structure, generally indicated as200, includes a top shaft 20| extending through a slightly elongated opening 202 in the side frame member 2b.

The outwardly extending ends of the shafts 20| are positioned between cylindrical elements 203 mounted on retaining members 204. The members 203 may be made rotatable, if desired, about the supporting or centering members 204. In any event, the proportions, shapes and clearances of the various parts are such that the shaft 20 I, and thus the upper end of the jaw structure 200, is constrained to generally upright;` movement as the jaw is actuated or gyrated. It will be understood that if Fig. 7 were completed it would illustrate an actuating eccentric Vsui-ch as is shown at in Fig. 2. y

It will be realized that whereas I have described and claimed a practical and operative device, nevertheless, many changes may be made in size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit `of my invention. I therefore wish my description and drawings to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic, rather than as limiting me to my speciiic showing herein.

The use and operation follows:

I illustrate a multiple jaw Crusher in which a single moving jaw element is oscillated by the rotation ofan eccentric .located adjacent the lower portion of the jaw.

The movement of the upper end of the jaw of my invention are as nections `for the upper end of the structure' may be controlled by oscillating compression bars as in the form of Figs. 1 to 4or by a suitable linkage as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

It is characteristic of my invention that I provide an oscillated jaw which has a differential movement from top to bottom, with a lateral amplitude of movement which increases from the top to bottom of the cavity. Thus, at the top of the cavity the amplitude of movement of the moving jaw toward the fixed jaw in the course of the crushing excursion is relatively slight. This amplitude increases downwardly toward the discharged end of the crushing cavity.

I illustrate a compact and light structure which is nonetheless strong and eiiicient and which occupies a minimum of space. It may be advantageously used, for example, in portable Crusher plants, since it has a larger capacity in relation to its cubic content. I show an improved release means for the normally fixed jaws. As shown, for example,` in Figs. 1 and A2, if uncrushable material, such as tramp iron, clipper teeth and the like enter the crushing cavity, the jaws I8 may quickly recede sufficiently either to permit the uncrushable material to pass through or at least to relieve the crushingr stress. However, while the above-described dash-pot structure provides a rapid recession of the jaw, it is effective to permit only a relatively slow return of the jaw toward normal crushing position.

Thus, the machine cannot be subjected to the violent shock and risk of breakage which will take piace in the event an uncrushable mass is located in the crushing cavity.

Although I illustrate different structures for controlling the movement of the upper end cf the jaw, they all have, with the one exception below pointed out, the characteristic that they constrain the upper end of the jaw to a substantially vertical movement. However, with reference to Fig. 6, if the horizontal link |55 were downwardly inclined, as shown in the alternative indicated in the dot-and-dash line oi Fig. 6, then a differential movement is provided for the opof a moving jaw, and the upper end of the moving jaw moves at an angle to the vertical. The diagrammatic view of tion of Fig. 6.

I claim:

l. In a double jaw crusher, a frame including parallel, upright side plates, two opposably facing, normally fixed jaws mounted on said frame and between said side plates, means for normally holding them in a predetermined position in relation to the frame, a pitman mounted between the jaws, the pitman having jaw plates opposed to each such fixed jaw and deiining with the fixed jaws a pair of crushing cavities the ends of which are closed by the side plates, means for imparting bodilymovement to the pitman including an eccentric mounted on the frame, means for rotating it about an axis lying in a horizontal plane extending through the pitman and the vframe side plates, and including supporting conpitman extending outwardly of the crushing cavity, and outwardly beyond the side plates, opposed toggle elements movably `'mounted exteriorl'y of the frame side plates', and outside of and out of vertical alignment with `the crushing cavities and engaging opposed sides of said supporting connections, extriorly of said side plates, said crushing cavities being upwardly open, and the upper end of the pitinan, between the side plates, being upwardly exposed at all positions of its movement.

2. The structure of claim 1 characterized in that yielding supporting means is provided for at least one of the toggle elements, at each side of the frame, adapted to allow its endwise movement in response to up and down movement of the pitman.

3. The structure of claim l characterized in that all toggle elements, at each side of the frame, enter a common plane on each up or down stroke of the pitman. 1

4. In a double jaw Crusher, a frame having spaced, generally parallel side frame members, two oppcsably facing, normally iixed jaws mounted on said frame between said side members, means for holding them normally in a `predetermined iixe'd position, while permitting their movement in response to predetermined excess crushing stress, a pitman mounted between the jaws, the pitman being generally triangular in vertical cross-section in a plane extending longitudinally of the Crusher, jaw plates on said pitman opposed to each said normally nxed jaw, means for imparting' bodily movement to said pitman including an eccentric mounted on the frame for rotation about an axis lying in a horizontal plane extending through the pitman in the sides of the frame but closely adjacent the bottoms of the cavities defined between the jaws and plates, the plates and jaws at each side of the pitman being of generally the same height and contour, and means for movably supporting the upper end of the pitm'an and for permitting a movement of the pitman having both vertical and horizontal components, said means including a shaft having outer ends extending outwardly through the side frame members, and transversely extending toggle members, exterior to said side frame members, each said toggle member being pivoted at one end to an outer end of said shaft, and abutments for the opposite ends of said toggle members.

5. The structure of claim 4 characterized in that yielding means are provided for permitting the outward recession of at least one of said abutments at each side of the frame.

6. The structure of claim 4 characterized by and including supporting means for said abutments, located exterior to the side frame members, said abutments, for each end of the shaft, being arranged in opposed pairs, at least one abutment of each said pair being yieldably mountedV for recession.

7. In a double jaw Crusher adapted for a differential crushing movement, a frame including parallel, upright side plates, two oppositely iacing, normally nxed jaws mounted on said frame and between said side plates, means for normally holding' them in o. predetermined position in relation to the frame, a pitman mounted between the jaws, the pitm'an having jaw plates opposed to each such fixed jaw and defining with the iixed jaws a pair ci crushing cavities, the ends of which are closed by the side plates, means for imparting bodily movement to the pitman, said bodily movement in normal operation of the crusher increasing from top 'to bottom of the ycrushing cavities, including en eccentric mounted on the frame, means 'for 'rotating it about a horizontal 'axis extending through the pitman and the frame side plates and located substantially' below the top of the pitman, and including supporting" connections for the upper end only of the pitman extending from the upper end of the pitinan outwardly of the crushing cavity and outwardly beyond each of the side plates, movable connecting elements mounted exteriorly of the frame side plates, and outside of and out of vertical alignment with the crushing cavities and engaging opposed sides of said supporting connections' for the upper end of the pitman, exteriorly of said side plates, said crushing cavities being upwardly open', and the upper end of the pitman between the side plates being upwardly exposed at all positions of its movement, the eccentric constituting the sole supporting connection for the lower end ci the pitman, the movable connecting elements being' formed and adapted normally to limit the amplitude oi movement of the upper end of the pitman to less than the amplitude of movement imparted to the lower end oi the pitman by the eccentiic, whereby a diiierential movement is imparted to the pitman having a horizontal amplitude increasing from top to bottom of the crushing cavity.

8. The structure of claim 7 characterized by and including, as movable connecting elements for the upper end of the pitman, laterally extending links mounted exterior to the parallel side frame plates, each link being pivoted at one end in relation to an upper portion of the pitman and pivoted at the other endexteriorly of one of the side frame plates.

9. The structure of claim 7 characterized by and including, as movable connecting elements for the upper end of the pitman, laterally extending links mounted exterior to the parallel side frame plates, each link being pivoted at one end in relation to an upper portion of the pitman and pivoted at the other end exterio'rly of one of the side frame plates, said links being pivoted in relation to the outer faces of said side frame plates at points lying in a plane below the plane of connection of said links to the upper end of the pitman.

EINAR H. ANDERSON.

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